(Part of the) Abstract

Coetaneous Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease which is endemically seen worldwide and is considered as a health problem in many countries.  There are about 20 types of Leishmania whose infections cause different symptoms in human. These manifestations can vary from a spontaneous coetaneous lesion due to Leishmania Major for example, which is self-healing, to a lethal disease such as visceral Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania dotovati. It is estimated that about 12 million people are infected by Leishmania in the world. Nearly 350 million people are at infection risk and 80 countries have been infected. According to WHO special reports, controlling the disease through combating its reservoirs and vectors have not resulted in desirable results and there has been no effective treatment for Leishmaniasis so far. The only way to control the disease has been limited to making an artificial wound to cause effective immunization (Leishmanisasion). This kind of immunization provokes a lot of problems from the scientific and implementation point of view, so that it has been restricted to especial cases and the people who are subject to high risk of being affected.